The Tyger Flashcard

The Tyger

Free Essays on The Stone Angel

The Stone Angel As I began reading The Stone Angel I didn’t think I would be able to enjoy the novel just because it is not really the type of book I would read. But I have found something fascinating about the life of Hagar Shipley, about a ninety year old woman who is looking back over her life near the end of it. Hagar seems very set in her ways and is not about to change her mind when her son Marvin and his wife Doris attempt to put her in a nursing home, she refuses to go and runs away. She is angered that they want her to leave her house and her things just so they can sell them, or so she believes. Doris and Marvin tell her about things she does that she just cannot remember doing so she thinks that they think she is senile, which is funny because she cannot remember the little things but she can relive her past through her memory and tell how her life was. The book takes you from present to past in a second and is well written to do so, it does not confuse you or really leave you lost in the middle of something because it picks right up in the present where you left off. You start to wonder if all older women think like Hagar and worry about the same things and have the same attitudes. Although Hagar does not seem like a very pleasant woman to live although as the reader you can see where she is coming from whereas the people who actually live with her probably cannot see her point of view. A lot of things like the choices Hagar made while she was young do not really make sense but you know she did them for her own reasons, like marrying Bram Shipley, for the life of me I cannot understand how she could marry that man but she did and it cost her the price of her Father. Since Hagar married Bram she never spoke to her Father and he never saw her again or his two grandsons, which was a shame. Hagar always thought her Father would have adored John, her second born. This book will take you on a journey through the life... Free Essays on The Stone Angel Free Essays on The Stone Angel The Stone Angel As I began reading The Stone Angel I didn’t think I would be able to enjoy the novel just because it is not really the type of book I would read. But I have found something fascinating about the life of Hagar Shipley, about a ninety year old woman who is looking back over her life near the end of it. Hagar seems very set in her ways and is not about to change her mind when her son Marvin and his wife Doris attempt to put her in a nursing home, she refuses to go and runs away. She is angered that they want her to leave her house and her things just so they can sell them, or so she believes. Doris and Marvin tell her about things she does that she just cannot remember doing so she thinks that they think she is senile, which is funny because she cannot remember the little things but she can relive her past through her memory and tell how her life was. The book takes you from present to past in a second and is well written to do so, it does not confuse you or really leave you lost in the middle of something because it picks right up in the present where you left off. You start to wonder if all older women think like Hagar and worry about the same things and have the same attitudes. Although Hagar does not seem like a very pleasant woman to live although as the reader you can see where she is coming from whereas the people who actually live with her probably cannot see her point of view. A lot of things like the choices Hagar made while she was young do not really make sense but you know she did them for her own reasons, like marrying Bram Shipley, for the life of me I cannot understand how she could marry that man but she did and it cost her the price of her Father. Since Hagar married Bram she never spoke to her Father and he never saw her again or his two grandsons, which was a shame. Hagar always thought her Father would have adored John, her second born. This book will take you on a journey through the life...

Presentation on Cost Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Presentation on Cost - Coursework Example Cost accounting information are mainly meant to permit the determination of unit costs and total product costs. Different organizations require different types of cost information. For instance, service organizations need cost information pertaining to the costs incurred for producing and providing services whereas manufacturing firms like Apple Inc, Coca Cola etc need information about costs incurred for manufacturing the products. Similarly, retail organizations need information about costs incurred for purchasing products for resale (Needles, Powers and Crosson, 2008, p. 808). These types of cost information are generally required by almost all the firms since they have multiple functions such as manufacturing, purchases and providing of services. Cost information is highly important for various managerial purposes such as ascertaining the actual costs, controlling the costs, determining the selling price, ascertaining the profitability and controlling on wastage. Similarly, cost information helps management provide a base for setting business policies, facilitate efficient information system and arrange internal auditing system. Cost information support various purposes such as planning, decision making, performing, evaluating and communicating (Needles, Powers and Crosson, 2008, p. 806). Financial management in both the manufacturing and service organizations use cost information to develop budgets, estimate income, manage total workforce and plan for the future. Cost information about product, process, function and financial transactions can help the management take managerial decision and plan for further activities and business functions. Managers in manufacturing companies use estimates of product costs in order to prepare budgets for labor, material, production and overhead costs. Another major purpose for cost information is performing by which managers find estimated cost of services with a view to mentor profitability and make decisions about vario us matters such as future business bidding, reducing negotiating expenses etc. With cost information, managers are able to predict gross margin, operating income and value of goods sold etc. This information are also useful for reducing selling prices and lowering selling prices for bulk purchases (Needles, Powers and Crosson, 2008, p. 806). Cost information supports managerial decision making, planning and performance. Planning for the future is primarily based on how costs are incurred now and how they will be in future. Planning is highly important for pricing and many other managerial decision making. Similarly, management can perform estimation, assessing, evaluation, cost control etc only if they gain sufficient information pertaining to costs of products, labor, materials, processing and so on. Cost Object A cost object is a business activity for which a separate cost measurement is desired (Drury, 2007, p. 28). More specifically, when management in an organization needs to k now the costs incurred for a specific activity, this activity is referred as cost object. The management may need to know the costs details of different activities such as purchasing, operating a machine, manufacturing a product, rendering service to

TRENDS IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TRENDS IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY - Essay Example the new appearing forms of families resulting from both demographic and structural changes occurring in the world, it is still very important to categorize it for analytical purposes. According to Rappaport and Rapaport (1982), there are five types of family diversity which are very important in understanding how family diversity takes shape in real life: It results from the different access to economic and material resources that the families may posses. Social class diversity gives rise to rich and poor families in the society and is very vital in the modern world. This is because it considerable implications on the well being of the members of the family. For example, the ability of a child to access educational opportunities is greatly determined or influenced by the social class and economic well being of the family. Children from poor or underprivileged families may not have good life as compared to those from well-t-do families. It refers to the different types of family organization which develop different realities for its members. Compare for instance single parent families (where children live with only one parent) with reconstituted families (which are as a result of divorce and remarriage) with dual career families (where both parents work outside the home). Merely all families go through various stages of development and families which are in their early stages of development are quite different from those in their late stages of development. The stages of families in the life cycle lead to different experiences of family life for each individual member of the family. It results from the difference in cultural preferences and arrangements that exist around the world. In the UK the nuclear families are the typical family arrangements with children and their parents staying or living differently and independently with considerable autonomy from their kin. In china, the family arrangement is the stem family where two or more generations live

5 paraphrase six Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

5 paraphrase six - Assignment Example Nadine’s story depicts the way the whites oppressed the other races hence gaining control of the country despite being the minority group. The apartheid system ensured that the blacks remained powerless. By denying them access to wealth, the whites maintained their authority over other races. For instance, blacks were not allowed to own large farms hence making their livelihood hard and slavery in nature. Moreover, the blacks happen to be divided and separated from their family members. Petrus works in Lerice’s farm while the rest of his family members are at Rhodesia. To make matters wise, it is considered a crime for his blood brother to come visiting him without a written permit (1322). He is referred as an alien and the police are even curious that Lerice might be hosting other non-registered blacks. Note that the authority understands that, unity could help blacks visualize white’s inhumane treatment and possibly react. African community is totally split, they are managed by different white masters and even forced to leave their African names that would identify them with clans but instead assigned E nglish names. In contrary, the whites were superior, could easily acquire land and wealth as well as decide their livelihood. Charter, easily acquires a farm and workers and is free to move from town to his farm. The author uses this difference in freedom of movement, to show that Africans were not poor by choice or laziness but the government system oppressed them to. Oppression is inhuman but the apartheid system portrayed the whites as superior. Gordimer uses Lerice to address the callous nature of treating blacks as inferior. Lerice and her husband have personal problems which make them move out of town. In contrary, Blacks can’t move freely, and the law condemns movement without permits. Upon settling in their newly bought farm, Lerice maintains her humanness and treats her employees as equal to her, she even looks after

Late Development And The Challenges Facing Late Developers Economics Essay

Late Development And The Challenges Facing Late Developers Economics Essay On the world stage, the list of the wealthiest countries has been dominated by European nations for the past six hundred years. Mid-last century a shift occurred that has seen the emergence of Asian countries growing at rapid rates. The surge was led by Japan and was quickly followed by those now known as the Asian Tigers. What problems did these countries overcome to grow so quickly while at the same time so many other nations are trapped in the quagmire of poverty and debt? Additionally, what challenges do the countries attempting development later than others face if they wish to emulate the Asian Tigers? This essay will briefly explain the problem of late development before outlining the challenges faced by late developers. Broadly speaking development implies wish to shift from an undesired state to a more desirable state; in this case a movement away from the situation of inequality and poverty to that of more equality and less poverty. Inequality in terms of social, cultural, economic and political needs is widespread in the world, not just between nations but within populations of nations. Such inequality leads to the poverty experienced by the populations of the undeveloped and developing nations of the word, causing millions of needless deaths every year around the world. Before any explanation or hypothesis regarding development of nations can be carried out, the term poverty requires discussion. An orthodox view of poverty is not having sufficient money to buy food and other basic material needs  [1]  . An alternate view of poverty is where people are not able to meet their own material and non-material needs through their own effort. The subtle difference between the two definitions will be expanded later in this essay. Additional to discussing poverty, the term development needs discussion. To determine the status of a nation as developed, developing or underdeveloped requires the use of a metric, criterion or standard of some kind. Which form of measure is hotly debated and is a very contentious issue. Different measures that can be used are national gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, level of economic industrialization or the Human Development Index (HDI) to name a few and the selection of which one determines the rankings of nations. During the Cold War, the terms First, Second and Third World were used to describe the USA, Soviet and non-aligned blocks of countries. The term Third World became synonymous with underdeveloped and developing countries and to this day is misused to describe these countries. THE PROBLEMS OF LATE DEVELOPMENT The same problems face developing countries, regardless of the metric used to measure a nations development ranking. The prime problem facing developing nation is their late start compared to the more advanced industrialised countries that are generally accepted as being developed. Late development precludes nations from using the first mover advantages of economies of scale, positive network effects and the ease of sourcing investment funds  [2]  . Nations that get a head start in an industry have the ability to compete evenly against other nations starting at the same time in that industry. As capacity builds, the high costs of initial production, research and development, and low levels of output alter because of innovation and improvement leading to more effective and cheaper production methods, enhanced products, and higher levels of output. All these factors enable the distribution of fixed costs, such as production and transport costs, across the greater output, thus lowering the final cost of an item. These economies of scale enable the first mover to produce a product at a lower cost than a late developer, which in turn, allows the first mover to either undercut late starters or make more profit when selling at the same price  [3]  . Late developers hence need to find ways around the economies of scale factor such as using cheaper local labour for production, leveraging off any local raw materials or new areas to in novate. A good example of the economies of scale at work is the early motor vehicle industry. The Ford Motor Company is generally credited with the first use of a production line type manufacturing method in the automotive industry that enabled Ford to mass produce cars at prices much cheaper than the completion. Follower companies adopted the same technology, but not after Ford had gained a significant market share in North America and enabled the company to create a world-wide manufacturing base that was not seriously challenged for over half a century  [4]  . Starting an industry or sector of technology first attracts people and firms into the area where that technology is found, thus creating a centre of excellence in terms of equipment and personnel. The network effect  [5]   of a centre of excellence also adds to the economics of scale effects, as raw material supplies are only shipped into one area and conversely distribution centres can also be centralised. Additionally, distributed manufacturing within such a network is sped up and costs reduced due to close proximity, thus reducing costs and time effects. Late starters wishing to build their own competing centres of excellence face the obstacle of attracting expertise away from established areas. The inability to match wage rates and favourable conditions of established centres of excellence need to be countered at the new location, often by government subsidies, low tax rates and favourable trade conditions. Well known examples of successful secondary centres of excellence are the Japanese automotive industry following America and the New Zealand and Australian movie production centres following in the footsteps of Hollywood and Bollywood. The effects of globalisation and easy flow of information and technology are continuing to reduce the need to physically concentrate people and industry; hence the network effects are being reduced for the first mover. Sourcing investment funds for any new industry is a challenge, yet sourcing funds to compete against a developed nations established industry is even more difficult. The first mover nations have the advantage of having the first opportunity to attract investment capital, whether internal to the nation or externally via foreign investment. Regardless of the source of investment funds, late developers seeking funding must compete against established industries with proven return rates and known levels of risk, therefore pay higher interest rates. These higher interest rates further erode the profit margin of the late developer and make their products less attractive on price and company success rates lower. THE CHALLENGES FACING LATE DEVELOPERS In light of the problems face by late developers, why is striving for development so important? United Nations former Secretary General Kofi Annan described a developed country as one that allows all its citizens to enjoy a free and healthy life in a safe environment implying that developing and undeveloped countries citizens do not enjoy a free and healthy life in a safe environment. The orthodox, or liberalist, view of development describes its purpose as the requirement to move from a subsistence economy to an industrialised and modern economy  [6]  . Compare such a view with the alternate or more socialist view, where the purpose of development is to create human well-being through sustainable societies in social, cultural, economic and political means. These two viewpoints differ significantly but suffer from overlapping sets of challenges that need addressing to successfully develop a nation. The orthodox view of development identifies a strong trend between development and industrialisation. This view sees industrialisation as a better path for growth of a nation than agriculture or resource extraction as there is a greater potential for capital accumulation. This growth is due to the higher productivity achieved with successful industrialisation, which in turn leads to better wage growth, better skill and expertise growth, and the unlimited potential of the free-market. Such an approach generally requires a top-down governmental control process, using external capital investment to attract technology and stimulate private sector growth. Using industrialisation as the pathway to growth and development has the disadvantages of exposing a nation to both the good and bad aspects of globalisation. Fast and freer information flows, financial deregulation, access to technology and exposure to the global villages cultural influence can have positive and negative effects on both markets and populations. The effects of global financial institutions such as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and open finance markets can lead to a nations own monetary policy having little control on capital availability and exchange rate control; a critical factor in ensuring a stable economy  [7]  . Ostensibly, small and vulnerable nations can be either manipulated easily or must flow global trends with few ability to cause self-determination in the globalised finance market. The alternate view of development takes a different approach to development. In this view the final target of development is not necessarily parity with developed nations using convention metrics, such as GDP per capita, but a more holistic vision of a journey towards self-sufficiency, self-reliance and unity rather than outright fiscal wealth. In this respect, development is more a process rather than a target. The fundamental difference to the orthodox view is that the alternate view is a bottom up process and involves the respect of nature and culture, political inclusion of marginalised groups and local control of resources and investments. Comparing the two very different approaches identifies that there are challenges to both, including some common challenges. The orthodox view has the advantage of potentially providing greater growth rates and hence reducing inequality between nations, but often at the cost of higher internal inequality as the gap between the richest and poorest within a nation widens. This effect is sometimes called the unavoidable consequence of economic growth  [8]  . Opponents to the orthodox view also content that sustained development is only viable through further growth within a global free-market, which benefits the suppliers of the initial capital more than the nation seeking development  [9]  . Conversely, the alternate view of development suffers the potential problem of creating slower growth rates than embracing outright industrialism and its side effects. This approach also requires assistance from external to the country, but more often in the form of education and material re sources, rather than direct capital injection. The Chipko movement in India and the rubber tapper movement in the Amazon are examples of successful grass roots versions of the alternate development methods  [10]  . Both are relatively small scale and limited to regions and ethnicities rather than whole nations. Both approaches suffer from the challenges of overcoming education, literacy, environmental and health issues which all slow rates of growth. Additionally, corruption is seen as a huge obstacle to developing nations, specifically in autocratic and flawed democracies. Later in the development cycle nations that grow strongly need to be able to keep their exchange rate competitive by neutralize the tendency of the exchange rate to head toward overvaluation  [11]  . This problem is related to the Dutch disease  [12]  , the policy of growth with foreign savings, and to exchange rate populism. CONCLUSION In summary, it can be seen that development of countries is import to reduce the gap between the most advanced nations in the world and the least. Development leads to a reduction in suffering by people who cannot meet their own needs through their own means, while at the same time enabling societies to become sustainable in economic, political and cultural terms. The process of development is slow and the challenges are many. Overcoming the problems of being a late developer is complex and difficult, but demonstrably possible as the Asian Tiger nations and other Newly Industrialised Countries have proven. Striving to industrialise by increasing exports has been a successful development strategy for the Asian Tiger countries, but not all nations have been successful using this technique. Local political, geographical and geological environments can both help and hinder development, as can the effects of globalisation by open both market and financial flows. While the history of development success shows that the crux of change is primarily national and local, such change now takes place in an increasingly globalised world of ever tighter political, economic, and cultural ties. The problems faced by developing nations are many and no universal answer or solution exists. Each nation that wishes to develop needs to create a development plan unique to their nation, based on their specific politics, cultures, resources, skills and geography. Only then can real and sustains development occur. Word Count = 2050

Government Corruption Essay -- Corruption in Government

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the last few years, the issue of corruption--the abuse of public office for private gain--has attracted renewed interest, both among academics and policymakers. There are a number of reasons why this topic has come under recent inspection. Corruption scandals have toppled governments in both major industrial countries and developing countries. In the transition countries, the shift from command economies to free market economies has created massive opportunities for the appropriation of rents, excessive profits, and has often been accompanied by a change from a well-organized system of corruption to a more chaotic and deleterious one. With the end of the cold war, donor countries have placed less emphasis on political considerations in allocating foreign aid among developing countries and have paid more attention to cases in which aid funds have been misused and have not reached the poor. And slow economic growth has persisted in many countries with malfuncti oning institutions. This renewed interest has led to a new flurry of empirical research on the causes and consequences of corruption. Economists know quite a bit about the causes and consequences of corruption. An important body of knowledge was acquired through theoretical research done in the 1970s by Jagdish Bhagwati, Anne Krueger, and Susan Rose-Ackerman, among others. A key principle is that corruption can occur where rents exist--typically, as a result of government regulation--and public officials have discretion in allocating them. The classic example of a government restriction resulting in rents and rent-seeking behavior is that of an import quota and the associated licenses that civil servants give to those entrepreneurs willing to pay bribes. More recently, researchers have begun to test some of these long-established theoretical hypotheses using new cross-country data. Indices produced by private rating agencies grade countries on their levels of corruption, typically using the replies to standardized questionnaires by consultants living in those countries. The replies are subjective, but the correlation between indices produced by different rating agencies is very high, suggesting that most observers more or less agree on how corrupt countries seem to be. The high prices paid to the rating agencies by their customers (usually multinational companies a... ...e role of other forms of institutional inefficiency. Corruption is most prevalent where there are other forms of institutional inefficiency, such as political instability, bureaucratic red tape, and weak legislative and judicial systems. This raises the question of whether it can be established that corruption, rather than other factors correlated with it, is the cause of low economic growth. Regression analysis provides some evidence that if one controls for other forms of institutional inefficiency, such as political instability, corruption can still be shown to reduce growth. Nevertheless, it is hard to show conclusively that the cause of the problem is corruption alone, rather than the institutional weaknesses that are closely associated with it. The truth is that probably all of these weaknesses are intrinsically linked, in the sense that they feed upon each other (for example, red tape makes corruption possible, and corrupt bureaucrats may increase the extent of red tape so they can extract additional bribes) and that getting rid of corruption helps a country overcome other institutional weaknesses, just as reducing other institutional weaknesses helps it curb corruption.

History of Alcohol

Alcohol: Past, Present, and Future Karl Ballenger Mrs. Hines Communication Arts 200 period 7 February 20, 2007 The beginning of Alcohol While no one knows when alcohol was first used as a beverage (or even created) we do know that it has been used for over ten thousand years. Archeologists to this day are discovering old beer mug containers from the B. C period. Some other archeologist and a few scientists believe it was created in an experimental accident. Like most failed experiments alcohol was soon to be one of the most popular drinks in America.Not only was it going to impact America it impacted the whole world. Everyone would you alcohol in many different ways medicinal purposes, in South America and in the Middle East. They would use it for celebrations any type of celebration and it would be used in sacrifices or offering rituals too. As alcohol caught on people realized what a problem it could be. Everyday people would use alcohol as an everyday beverage not knowing what the affect could be or do; it wasn’t long until everyone was catching on to the harmful effects of the alcohol.Soon after Americans and people all over the world soon were able to control alcohol not before alcohol had gone through prohibition and much other banishment in countries and cultures. Alcohol is considered a drug though some people may not agree we all that once you had too much alcohol you’re not yourself. Although Americans were no always getting to the point where they were unconscious and becoming â€Å"drunk†, there was a lot tolerance for the type of people who would drink alcohol everyday they just knew how to control their selves.Alcohol in Early America Alcohol in early America was highly accepted, everyone would have their fair share of drinks. Alcohol can be easily found in the old days because it was so easy to make, before bars there were pubs and before that people would just drink in their own homes instead of going out to drink. It was so easy to make because alcohol back then would mostly be wine, wine was the typical form of alcohol to be found because it is made up fruits, any kind of fruits but if you wanted stronger tastier wine you would specific types of fruits.The most commonly type of fruit that people would use are grapes, after you pick them you would press them then add in some sugar and water basically and then some yeast. Then allow for fermentation to proceed. As time goes by you would have yourself some tasty drinkable wine. And from their you would end up having your many liquors and eventually beer. It wasn’t long until alcohol played a big role in American history which begun in the 1920s, which was when alcohol became prohibited for a time.Americans have always drunk alcohol especially beer liquor in the 1900s, they would drink daily â€Å"since the availability and purity of water supplies and other drinkable liquids were uncertain† (Clayton Rivers 94). Drinking was used as a socia l activity everyone would feel a little more comfortable than usually with a little wine or beer in their system; it would be breaking the social barrier at gathering for the shy people so that they can interact more.At the same time there has always been a passionate opposition towards alcohol many people would think it is evil and created by the â€Å"devil† because of the nasty effects and the illness’s that it caused. It would even ruin people financially in some cases because of the addiction people would have with it, â€Å"it was typical to see people in saloons night and day†(Karen F Balken04) for weeks just drinking or trying to get the bartender to give them a free drink.So there would be a huge conflict between the alcoholic supporters â€Å"wets† and the non supporters â€Å"dry’s† (Adam Wong03) has existed throughout American history, since the 20th century. It wasn’t until 1919 when the â€Å"dry movement† (Adam W ong03) achieved its greatest victory by banding alcohol nationwide. In 1919 a majority of states ratified the eighteen amendment to the constitution, which states: â€Å"After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within the importation thereof into, or the exportation hereof from the U. S and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is here by prohibited† (Adam Wong03). This banishment, called Prohibition, went into effect in 1920: it was accompanied by the† Volstead Act† (Clayton rivers94), congressional legislation that provided specific rules for enforcing the ban. So for the next 13 years prohibition remained in place, President Calvin Coolidge called it â€Å"the greatest social experiment of modern times† (President Calvin Coolidge). Prohibition in the 1920sAlthough Prohibition continued until 1933 it remains most closely associated with the 1920. in the 1920s â€Å"it was a colorful period in history† (Adam Wong03) bracketed on both ends by tragedy and misfortune. At the start of the twenties, America was just recovering from the devastation and deprivation of World War 1. At the decade’s end the stock market crashed of 1929 which then fell into the great depression and years of hardship. Then in between the 1920s it was a time of unusual prosperity, the economy seemed to be on an endless climb.That no one can believe, it was a type of miracle people had enough money to buy amazing new devices like radios, refrigerators and washing machines. Even the poorest family of the towns and states were able to afford a car, it was also an era of significant social change and great fun, â€Å"it was so fun that it was nicknamed the roaring twenties† and the â€Å"Jazz Age† (Adam Wong03). Everyone was relived and could relax after all the harsh full events that America had went through that now they were ab le to kick back and relax.People would listen to the radio dance in the nightclubs and saw â€Å"talkies† (which are present day movies) everyone was just happy to have their freedom back. Although the 1920s was a fun-loving atmosphere the people would still have to sustain the ban of liquor. But finally the anti alcohol forces succeeded and they were able to get across the eighteenth amendment and the Volstead act. The advocates who wrote and backed these new laws assumed that a majority of Americans would go along with it. They thought that even though you didn’t like the new law you would have to follow it because it was law of the land.But nonetheless law abiding citizens were still able to secretly drink liquor and beer by home brewing it. These illegal drinking parlors were called â€Å"speakeasies† (Adam Wong03). Criminal gangs and known thieves would smuggle the liquor and beer and they made a fortune each one of these â€Å"speakeasies† had their own little illegal organization by selling the illegal liquor. The law enforcement like nowadays would be corrupted by these small organizations with either money or liquor as a bribe and so there wasn’t really a stop to these guys.Prohibition Gone the Right to Drink Prohibition affected millions of Americans but it even went into deeper meaning than just not being able to drink, it touched onto a fundamental issue in American life. The role of government in regulating private lives. â€Å"Many Americans felt that a degree of federal control is justified for the good of the majority† (Adam Wong03). However others argued that the rights of each individual American citizen and states should not be limited by the federal government.This particular group argued that the federal government had no right to mandate something as personal and as trivial compared with serious crimes as drinking habits. â€Å"it was incredible to many people that the federal government, which h ad thoughtfully left their murders, lynching’s, adulteries, discriminations, frauds, and other transgressions to the disciplines of their state legislatures, would ever take a primary and oppressive interest in what American citizens might want to drink† (Historian Norman H.Clark). The conflict over liquor was a long hard-fought battle. But in the end everyone had their right to drink. Alcohol in modern days and future Present day alcohol is still considered somewhat of a menace to society, because alcohol by itself does no harm or damage to anyone, it is our actions and alcohol combined that make it a threat to anyone. In today’s society there have been over millions of alcohol related accidents involving car accidents and suicides and homicides.Every time someone gets into a problem with the police they blame the alcohol they had that it was to strong or they didn’t know what it had in it either way they blame it on the alcohol. Although alcohol does hav e a affects on you and your body it disrupts your nervous system and disrupts your brain waves so that you don’t have full control of your body. But you should already know that, you learn about alcohol your whole life on television school your parents.Alcohol does not change people; the people change their selves by drinking the alcohol, alcohol is a gateway drug which means that it leads to more drugs and more suffering to you and to the people who care about you. Alcohol should be thought up of in moderation like everything, everything and anything is bad for you in moderation so you must be able to control yourself when comes to things like alcohol and drugs alcohol is not as nearly serious as drug but it can lead up to either doing drugs or addiction.Alcohol addiction or an alcoholic is a person who must have some type of alcohol in their system their body won’t function well without the alcohol so they must drink every day. But there is special rehabilitation cen ters to help those kind of people who want to change their life and stop drinking. These places change people’s lives into a good path redirect them to a healthier long lasting life. One of the most important things that alcohol affects could be ones family, alcohol affects about 95 percent families in the United States.And especially affects the kids alcoholics lead to divorces in their family and can ruin sometimes child’s lives and lead them down that same path. There has always so many domestic violence around in America because of alcoholics and what they do to their wives and their children. After they realize what they have done its almost always too late they lose their job their belongings and their families so they basically ruin their lives.Now in the future who knows how bad alcohol and peoples actions will be with all of these new types of drinks they are creating everyday people will just continue drinking without getting any help and lives will be ruined the percentage of alcohol related deaths will probably increase , there is no telling on how bad alcohol will go. Bibliography http://www. drugrehab. net/the-history-of-alcohol-in-america/ http://www2. potsdam. edu/hansondj/Controversies/1114796842. html Alcohol Abuse: Clayton Rivers Prohibition Banning Alcohol: Adam Wong

Kurt kobain

Kurt kobain Kurt CobainKurt Donald Cobain was born on February 20,1967 in the town of Aberdeen, Washington. Aberdeen is on the west coast and is about 108 miles southwest of Seattle. Aberdeen is a dreary place with about seven feet of rain a year. Kurt was born to Mrs. Wendy Cobain and to Mr. Donald Cobain. Wendy was a homemaker. She had a very tight bond with Kurt. He was her first born. She had another child three years after she had Kurt. Her name was Kim. Donald was a mechanic. He was very into sports. He often tried to push Kurt into sports but Kurt just didn't like them. Even though the Cobain's didn't have much they seemed to do all right. Wendy dressed her children in the best clothes she could afford. They always looked like the best dressed kids in Aberdeen.Kurt was an extremely happy child. He would wake up everyday so happy.WendyHe was always filled with joy and always had a smile on his face. Kurt once said his upbringing could be decribed as 'white trash posing as middle class'. Hi s mother told him to stay away from the poor kids. She said they were dirty. So Kurt did and he also would beat the up. Then in 4th grade he realized he liked them better. Around that time people started to notice that Kurt was very good in art. Most of Kurt's friends didn't really like things like art and music. He loved these things so much he stopped making friends because he was different.Kurt was not such a health kid. His whole life he suffered chronic bronchitis. At age of seven he was diagnosed hyperactive. He was put on Ritalin. This seemed to make him stay up until four in the morning.

Ebola Outbreaks in Sudan and Zaire

Ebola Outbreaks in Sudan and Zaire On July 27, 1976, the very first person to contract the Ebola virus began to show symptoms. Ten days later he was dead. Over the course of the next few months, the first Ebola outbreaks in history occurred in Sudan and Zaire*, with a total of 602 reported cases and 431 deaths. The Ebola Outbreak in Sudan The first victim to contract Ebola was a cotton factory worker from Nzara, Sudan. Soon after this first man came down with symptoms, so did his co-worker. Then the co-workers wife became sick. The outbreak quickly spread to the Sudanese town of Maridi, where there was a hospital. Since no one in the medical field had ever seen this illness before, it took them awhile to realize that it was passed by close contact.  By the time the outbreak had subsided in the Sudan, 284 people had become ill, 151 of whom had died. This new illness was a killer, causing fatality in 53% of its victims. This strain of the virus is now called Ebola-Sudan. Ebola Outbreak in Zaire On September 1, 1976, another, even more deadly, outbreak of Ebola struck - this time in Zaire. The first victim of this outbreak was a 44-year-old teacher who had just returned from a tour of northern Zaire. After suffering from symptoms that seemed like malaria, this first victim went to the Yambuku Mission Hospital and received a shot of an anti-malarial drug. Unfortunately, at that time the hospital did not use disposable needles nor did they properly sterilize the ones they used. Thus, the Ebola virus spread through used needles to many of the hospitals patients. For four weeks, the outbreak continued to expand. However, the outbreak finally ended after the Yambuku Mission Hospital was closed down (11 of the 17 hospital staff having died) and the remaining Ebola victims were isolated. In Zaire, the Ebola virus had been contracted by 318 people, 280 of whom died. This strain of the Ebola virus, now called Ebola-Zaire, killed 88% of its victims. The Ebola-Zaire strain remains the most deadly of the Ebola viruses. Symptoms of Ebola The Ebola virus is deadly, but since the initial symptoms can seem similar to many other medical issues, many infected people may remain ignorant of the seriousness of their condition for several days. For those infected by Ebola, most victims begin to show symptoms between two and 21 days after first contracting Ebola. At first, the victim may only experience influenza-like symptoms: fever, headache, weakness, muscle pain, and a sore throat. However, additional symptoms begin to manifest quickly. Victims often suffer from diarrhea, vomiting, and a rash. Then the victim often starts bleeding, both internally and externally. Despite extensive research, no one is yet sure where the Ebola virus occurs naturally nor why it flares up when it does. What we do know is that the Ebola virus is passed from host to host, usually by contact with infected blood or other bodily fluids. Scientists have designated the Ebola virus, which is also called Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), as a member of the Filoviridae family. There are currently five known strains of the Ebola virus: Zaire, Sudan, Cà ´te d’Ivoire, Bundibugyo and Reston. So far, the Zaire strain remains the most deadly (80% death rate) and the Reston the least (0% death rate). However, the Ebola-Zaire and Ebola-Sudan strains have caused all the major known outbreaks. Additional Ebola Outbreaks The 1976 Ebola outbreaks in Sudan and Zaire were just the first and most definitely not the last. Although there have been many isolated cases or even small outbreaks since 1976, the largest outbreaks have been in Zaire in 1995 (315 cases), Uganda in 2000-2001 (425 cases), and in the Republic of the Congo in 2007 (264 cases). * The country of Zaire changed its name to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in May 1997.

Assistive Technology Devices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Assistive Technology Devices - Essay Example The device used however will depend on the level of disability where some of individuals may be partially impaired and therefore require less technological advanced devices. This paper also discusses the various advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of these devices, it highlights the benefits the disabled may derive from the use of these devices and also discuss some of the possible problems that may result from the use of these devices. There are various types of assistive technology devices whose function depend on the kind of disability of an individual, the following is a definition of the various types of devices that aid individuals who are blind, deaf, have communication problem and those who suffer from other types of disabilities. Various assistive technology are available for the blind, some of these devices include eye glasses, books recorded on tape, Braille stylus, talking or large key calculators, Braille printer and speech feedback computers. All these devices are aimed at enhancing task performance among the blind or visually impaired individuals.1 Individuals with communication problems include individuals with language problems and devices that are used include the use of pictures and photographs, eye pointing systems, communication boards, voice output devices, touch screens, software dictionaries and translation devices. All these devices aid those individuals who have communication problems.2 Hearing disabilities: These devices are aimed at enhancing communication with those who have hearing problems, some of the hearing aids include amplified phone devices and headphones, telecaption decoders, vibrotactile devices, recorded books in CD and tapes, phonic ear and pictures and photographs.3 Other forms of disabilities: Other forms of disabilities include individual who have difficult in performing activities other than the individuals mentioned above, these devices in include tilt board, key guards, slant board, arm support, portable word processors, adapted keyboard and mouse, onscreen keyboards and modified computer software.4 Learning disabilities: Picture schedules, talking word processors that are portable, electronic reminders and reminders, word predicting software, talking devices, graphic software and text reading software.5 The diagram below shows a Braille used by the blind, from the diagram it is evident that each letter has a particular set of points which are read using the hand. Each section of the coded letter is a cell that contains 6 points, using the six points it is possible to have 64 different combinations and each set of dots have a different meaning, example in the above diagram shows the alphabets in Braille form. The above diagram was retrieved from www.braillecards.co.uk. Advancemrnt in technology has made devices that are more easier to use, for example the Braille assistive machine which is shown below. The diagram below shows a Braille assistive machine for the blind, from the diagram it is evident that each letter has a particular set of points which are read using the hand. The diagram was retrieved from www.lssproducts.com ADVANTAGES OF ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY: This section discusses the various advantages associated with assistive technology, these devices have greater

Why change is needed in software Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why change is needed in software - Essay Example There are several reasons for software change. New advances in innovation may render an existing piece of system obsolete thus change is inevitable. For instance, software needs to be capable to adapt to fresh hardware or peripherals (Schlesinger 2010). In case there is no communication between software and hardware change is always the advisable solution. It is no good purchasing a new scanner or printer if existing software cannot interface with it. Technology advancement makes each and every day novel systems come to pass (Reifer 2011). They are a lot of other software, which are not in the system currently and individuals would ask why such software is no longer applicable. This is due to inability to tally with the new situation and hence necessitates to be wiped away. It should always change, with illustration it will render non-functional and cannot serve any better reasons rather than the system (Neufelder 1992). Software maintenance is also another reason that is associated with system change. Changes to the software are executed in reaction to changed necessities but the basic structure of the software remains constant. This is the most general strategy applied in system change. System change is essential in maintenance of its function and reliability (Naveda and Seidman 2006). Architectural transformation is associated with technological advancements that drive change initiatives to ensure the functionality of software is adjusted to meet real-time changes. This is a more radical strategy to system change then sustenance as it involves making important changes to the structural plan of the software system (Burge 2008). Most frequently, systems transform from a centralized, data-centric structural design to client-server design. In such scenario, change is necessary to meet the architectural transformations (Hallsteinsen and Paci 1997). Software change is also associated with software re-engineering. Software